Light House Projects

What is Light House Projects Light House Projects (LHPs) under Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India) at six sites across six States on 1st January 2021. Prime Minister will also announce winners under Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators – India (ASHA-India) and give out annual awards for excellence in implementation of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) Mission. Certificate course on innovative construction technologies named NAVARITIH (New, Affordable, Validated, Research Innovation Technologies for Indian Housing) and a compendium of 54 innovative housing construction technologies identified through GHTC-India.  Union MoS (I/C) for Housing and Urban Affairs, along with Chief Ministers of Tripura, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh will be present on the occasion. . Light House Projects The Light House Projects (LHPs) showcase the best of new-age alternate global technologies, materials and processes in the construction sector for the first time in the country at such a large scale.  They are being constructed under GHTC-India which envisages to provide an ecosystem for adoption of innovative technologies in the housing construction sector in a holistic manner.  The LHPs are being constructed at Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Rajkot (Gujarat), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Ranchi (Jharkhand), Agartala (Tripura) and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). They comprise about 1000 houses at each location along with allied infrastructure facilities.  These projects will demonstrate and deliver ready to live houses at an expedited pace within twelve months, as compared to conventional brick and mortar construction, and will be more economical, sustainable, of high quality and durability. These LHPs demonstrate a variety of technologies, including Prefabricated Sandwich Panel System in LHP at Indore, Monolithic Concrete Construction using Tunnel Formwork in LHP at Rajkot, Precast Concrete Construction System in LHP at Chennai, 3D Volumetric Precast Concrete Construction System in LHP at Ranchi, Structural Steel Frame with Light Gauge Steel Infill Panels in LHP at Agartala and PVC Stay In Place Formwork System in LHP at Lucknow.  The LHPs will serve as live laboratories for facilitating transfer of technology to the field and its further replication.  This includes planning, design, production of components, construction practices and testing for both faculty and students of IITs, NITs, other Engineering colleges, Planning and Architecture colleges, builders, professionals of private and public sectors and other stakeholders. Light House Projects challenge: The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has instituted a challenge for States/ UTs to select six sites across the country for constructing the Lighthouse projects under GHTC-India.   MoHUA encourages all States/ UTs to participate in this challenge proactively. The winning six States/ UTs that score the highest marks across the prescribed criteria will be awarded lighthouse projects.  The States/ UTs will receive Central Assistance to construct these projects as per PMAY (U) guidelines. In addition to this, a Technology Innovation Grant (TIG) for the States/ UTs is provisioned to offset the impact of any additional cost implication due to the use of new technology and to absorb the issues related to economies of scale and other related factors.  The selected sites for lighthouse projects will be used as an ‘open laboratory’ for live demonstration and will receive due attention from academia (Civil Engineering, Planning, Architecture), practitioners (Public/ Private), policy makers (Central/ State) and media apart from felicitation/ recognition in Grand Expo-cum-Conference. The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has already launched a “Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC- India)”.  Which is the best UPSC Test Series Check Now The challenge has three components viz. Conduct of Grand Expo-cum-Conference, ii) Identifying Proven Demonstrable Technologies from across the globe and iii) Promoting Potential Technologies through the establishment of Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators- India (ASHA-I) for incubation and accelerator support.  Out of the three, the second component intends to identify and pilot ‘Proven Demonstrable Technologies’ from around the world in actual housing projects in different parts of the country.  The shortlisted global technology providers will be invited to plan and construct light house projects within the framework of PMAY (U) on pre-selected sites provided by States/UTs across six identified PMAY. The Selected States/ UTs will enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MoU) with MoHUA to execute these Light house projects in their States/ UTs under GHTC-India. Tthe Ministry will also be doing the Technology Meets during the Construction year. This will encourage the potential beneficiary to visit the sites to see the ongoing work for adaptation. The States/UTs have given an enthusiastic response and are participating in this unique Challenge with zeal. Government Innititives: ASHA-India Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators – India (ASHA-India) aims to promote domestic research and entrepreneurship by providing incubation and acceleration support to potential future technologies.  Under ASHA-India initiative, five ASHA-India Centers have been set up for providing incubation and acceleration support. The potential technology winners under acceleration support will be announced by the Prime Minister.  The technologies, processes and materials identified through this initiative will provide a major fillip to young creative minds, start-ups, innovators and entrepreneurs. PMAY-U Mission Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) Mission has been designed to achieve the vision of “Housing For All by 2022”. In order to recognize the outstanding contribution by States, UTs,Urban Local Bodies and beneficiaries, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has introduced annual awards for excellence in implementation of PMAY-Urban.    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBhrLZ8t_dY Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. JOIN NOW

Faceless Tax Scheme

Faceless Tax Scheme The Central Government introduced the Faceless Assessment Scheme to provide greater transparency, efficiency and accountability in Income Tax assessments.  All provisions introduced under Faceless Assessment, under the Income Tax Act, 1961, are introduced to- (a) Eliminate the interface between the Assessing Officer and the assessee during the course of proceedings, to the extent that is technologically feasible; (b) Optimise the utilisation of resources through the economies of scale and functional specialisation; and (c) introduce a team-based determination of arm’s length price with dynamic jurisdiction. Significance of Faceless Tax Scheme : The government’s faceless tax assessment scheme, an attempt to remove individual tax officials’ discretion and potential harassment for income tax payers, has managed to deliver about 24,000 final orders since its introduction in August 2020. Indicating that the scheme was up and running robustly, many as 800 cases have also concluded the faceless appeals process since it was implemented on September 25, 2020. “The system has now stabilised. Even though the last date for passing orders in scrutiny cases is March 31, we have already passed final orders more than 24,000 cases. The faceless appeals systems are now in place and after hearing parties, more than 800 cases have seen orders being passed through the faceless manner,” he “The scheme allows for appropriate cases where a certain hearing is necessary, so then after following protocols, a hearing is given.  The very fact that more than 24,000 final orders have been passed through the faceless system demonstrates that the system has stabilized.” Challenges: “In the faceless regime, the main objective is to remove physical interaction as much as possible, and hence, the taxpayers may not have the opportunity to explain (in person) business-related complexities and explain various positions they have taken while filing their income-tax returns.  These facilities are available in the existing system,” PwC India had noted last month in a report titled ‘Faceless Interface — a paradigm shift in administration of the income tax law’. Advising taxpayers to ensure that appropriate documents with factual matrix are available and filed, and their written submissions are comprehensive          Read Also Digital Tax Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

Deepor Beel

Deepor Beel The Expert Team constituted by the Planning Commission, Government of India, to review the status of implementation of the National Wetland Conservation and Management Programme (NWCMP) of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, by visiting selected wetlands in the country, made an on-the-spot review and assessment of the Deepor Beel near Guwahati in Assam.  •  Deepor Beel (Beel means wetland or large aquatic body in Assamese) located about 10 km Southwest of Guwahati city is considered one of the large and important riverine wetlands in the Brahmaputra Valley of lower Assam, India. Deepor Beel is an open lake basin connected with a set of inflow and outflow channels. Deepor Beel has both biological and environmental importance besides being the only major storm-water storage basin for Guwahati city. It is considered one of the staging sites for migratory birds in India; and some of the large congregations of aquatic birds in Assam during winter. Because of the richness of avian fauna it enjoyed, Deepor Beel has been selected as one of the Important Bird Area (IBA) sites by Birdlife International. Deepor Beel has also been designated as a Ramsar Site in November 2002. Deepor Beel Wet Lands: The wetlands are actually land areas covered by water, either temporarily or permanently. Marsh, fen and peatland come under this category. They play a key role in the hydrological cycle and flood control, water supply and providing food, fibre and raw materials. They not only act as a source of water but also as ecosystems that prevent land degradation and desertification. In 2011, ISRO come out with a national wetlands atlas on the basis of satellite images, mapping over two lakh wetlands covering around 4.63% of the total geographic area of India. The list of 26 wetlands of India under Ramsar Convention. Globally, there are 2,220 wetlands in the Ramsar list. National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA) : It was launched by UPA Government in 2013 by merging two erstwhile schemes viz. National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) and National Wetlands Conservation Programme (NWCP) to run a single integrated programme for 12th plan.  The idea was that a single programme would help promote better synergy and avoid overlap of the administrative functions. The principal objectives of the new scheme were holistic conservation & restoration of lakes & wetlands for achieving desired water quality enhancement, besides improvement in biodiversity and the ecosystem. The scheme was also expected to contribute to reduction of pollution loads and improvement in biodiversity apart from implementation of comprehensive Management Action Plans. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

Lampedusa Island

Lampedusa Island Administratively Lampedusa island is part of the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy. It is located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia, 105 miles (170 km) southwest of Licata, Sicily.Lampedusa’s greatest length is about 7 miles (11 km); its greatest width about 2 miles (3 km). It rises to 436 feet (133 metres) above sea level. Lampedusa Island : Significance 13 people died when an overloaded migrant boat capsized near the island of Lampedusa near Italy. The European migrant crisis also known as the refugee crisis, is a period beginning in 2015 characterised by high numbers of people arriving in the European Union (EU) from across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe following Turkey’s migrant crisis.  It is part of a pattern of increased immigration to Europe from other continents. Immigrants from outside Europe include asylum seekers and economic migrants.   Reason For Migration: War  Weapon of Mass Migration Human rights violations Economic hardship Climate change refugees. Political Reasons Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

Asian Waterbird Census commences in A.P

Asian Waterbird Census commences in A.P Two day Asian Waterbird Census 2020 commenced in Andhra Pradesh on Tuesday under the aegis of experts from the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), covering at least two dozen sites, including Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Kolleru Lake and Krishna Sanctuary. This citizen science programme is the Asian Waterbird Census (AWC). The AWC is an integral part of the global waterbird monitoring programme, the International Waterbird Census (IWC), coordinated by Wetlands International. It runs in parallel with other regional programmes of the International Waterbird Census in Africa, Europe, West Asia, the Neotropics and the Caribbean. The AWC was initiated in 1987 in the Indian subcontinent and since has grown rapidly to cover major region of Asia, from Afghanistan eastwards to Japan, Southeast Asia and Australasia. The census, thus covers the entire East Asian – Australasian Flyway and a large part of the Central Asian Flyway. The Asian Waterbird Census commences has the following objectives: To obtain information on an annual basis of waterbird populations at wetlands in the region during the non-breeding period of most species (January), as a basis for evaluation of sites and monitoring of populations to monitor on an annual basis the status and condition of wetlands to encourage greater interest in waterbirds and wetlands amongst citizens Till date, more than 6,100 sites of 27 countries have been covered with active participation of thousands of volunteers. The information collected is available to a wide range of government agencies and non-government organizations and contributes to conservation activities from the local to global level, including: raising awareness of waterbirds and waterbird conservation issues; raising awareness of waterbirds and waterbird conservation issues; supporting local conservation activities at wetlands; the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, in identifying and monitoring wetlands of international importance; the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), by monitoring the status of migratory waterbirds and their habitats; the Convention on Biological Diversity‘s (CBD) goal in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; implementation of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership Initiative (EAAFP)  and Central Asian Flyway Action Plan through monitoring important and Flyway Network sites; BirdLife International’s Important Bird Area (IBA) Programme; IUCN/BirdLife International’s Global Species Programme (Red List); Wetlands International’s Waterbird Population Estimates programme. Key Findings: BNHS Assistant Director P. Sathiyaselvam, S. Siva Kumar and BNHS Andhra Pradesh coordinator K. Mrutyunjaya Rao trained amateur birdwatchers on Tuesday on technical aspects of the bird census and challenges, enabling them to conduct the task on their own. Dr. Sathiyaselvam, who had previously explored the avian diversity in the Godavari estuary, has presented a demonstration on the 90 species of birds sighted in the Godavari estuary and finalised 12 sites being covered in the census. “There is a need of more birdwatchers in the State, as their critical inputs on the wetlands and waterbirds will help design the conservation plans of the respective sites in future,” said Dr. Sathiyaselvam. On the endangered Indian Skimmer, Dr. Sathiyaselvam admitted that more study was still required to establish that the species breeds on the Kakinada coast, which supports a great number of Indian Skimmer. In Godavari estuary, the Kumbabhisekham mudflat, the wetland opposite the Coromandel industrial area and other Important Bird Areas (IBAs) are being covered. The birdwatchers from Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram and Kakinada have been roped into the census in the Godavari estuary. In Kolleru Lake and Krishna sanctuaries, the forest department employees are conducting the census. The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS): A pan-India wildlife research organization, has been promoting the cause of nature conservation since 1883. Conservation of nature, primarily biological diversity through action based on research, education and public awareness. Premier independent scientific organization with a broad based constituency, excelling in the conservation of threatened species and habitats. Summaries of all AWC counts are updated annually on our interactive and publicly accessible International Waterbird Census website. They are accessible as national/regional totals and species totals. All sites covered by AWC participants in the past three decades have been represented as an interactive AWC site network map. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl8Jjcb8Vwk&t=3s Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

The Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2020

The Patents Rules (Amendment) 2020 The Central Government, in exercise of the powers conferred upon it under Section 159 of the Patents Act, 1970 (“The Act”) has passed the Patents Rules (Amendment) of 2020 (“The Rules”) on October 19, 2020.  The Rules modify Form 27 of the Act through which statements regarding the working of patented invention on a commercial scale in India have to be filed by Patentees or Licensees. According to the amendment to Rule 131(2), the statement regarding the workings of the Patent have to be filed once in every financial year, within six months from the expiry of such financial year, due to which the due date for filing the same would be September 31st of every financial year. Further, a single Form 27 can now be filed for multiple patents, provided all of them are related patents, and the approximate revenue/value accrued from a single patent cannot be derived separately from the approximate revenue/value accrued from its related patents, and all such patents are granted to the same patentee or licensee. The amendment has also done away with the requirement under Form 27 concerning declaration by the patentee or licensee to disclose whether the public requirement has been met. Further, the filing of the Priority document under Rule 21 of the Rules have also been amended so as to include compliance to the additional requirements of paragraphs (a), (b) or (b-bis) of Rule 17.1 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.          Read Also Nirbhaya Act  Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

Pangolin

Pangolin Scientists have, for the first time, radio-tagged the Indian pangolin an endangered animal, that is rarely sighted in forests here. The Indian pangolin, which resembles an ant-eater but dons a thick scaly skin, is hunted for meat and use in traditional Chinese medicine. Researchers say tagging the animal will help understand the habits of the reclusive, nocturnal animal. Radio-tagging involves attaching a transmitter to an animal to monitor its movements. Several wild animals — tigers, leopards and migratory birds — have been tagged over decades. Indian pangolin : “The Special Task Force of the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department has been actively working to curb wildlife poaching in the State. In recent years, we have successfully busted pangolin-smuggling syndicates that involved poachers and smugglers from more than nine States,” said Rajesh Shrivastav, Chief Wildlife Warden of Madhya Pradesh. Pangolins are among the most trafficked wildlife species in the world. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says these toothless animals have seen a rapid reduction in population. The projected population declines range from 50% to 80 % across the genus. Protection Status: Out of the eight species of pangolin, the Indian Pangolin and the Chinese Pangolin are found in India. Both these species are listed under Schedule I Part I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.  “In anti-poaching operations, during which pangolin scales are recovered, those animals are already dead.  Where live pangolins are involved, globally there is about 50% death rate among released pangolins.  Given that several pangolins are rescued in the central Indian landscape, this new initiative by the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department and the Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT) is to ensure better survival rates of these released individuals in the wild, and thus have a positive impact on the population of this endangered species,” said Aditya Joshi, wildlife biologist with the WCT, who is overseeing this project. Chinese Pangolin: China accorded the pangolin the highest level of protection and removed the scales of the endangered mammal from its list of approved traditional medicines. While China banned pangolin meat in February amid links between wild meat and the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, they remain sceptical on how seriously the ban on its scales — which are believed to have various health benefits — will be imposed. A Chinese state-run publication, says that the State Forestry and Grassland Administration had issued a notice on June 5 upgrading its protection of pangolins and banning all commercial trade of the endangered mammal. The move came about after the 2020 edition of the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia” excluded traditional medicines made from four species, and also listed alternatives sourced from species which are not endangered. World Pangolin Day, celebrated on the third Saturday in February, is an international attempt to raise awareness of pangolins and bring together stakeholders to help protect these unique species from extinction. Read Also Mukurthi National Park Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. CONTACT US

New Anubhava Mantapa’ at Basavakalyan

New Anubhava Mantapa’ at Basavakalyan Basavakalyan, an important pilgrim centre for Lingayats, The New Anubhava Mantapa, as envisaged now, will be a six-floor structure in the midst of the 7.5-acre plot and represent various principles of Basaveshwara’s philosophy. It will showcase the 12th Century Anubhava Mantapa (often referred to as the “first Parliament of the world”) established by him in Basavakalyan where philosophers and social reformers held debates. The building will adopt the Kalyana Chalukya style of architecture. The grand structure supported by 770 pillars will have an auditorium with a seating capacity of 770 people. It is believed that 770 Sharanas (followers of Basaveshwara) led the Vachana reformist movement in the 12th Century.  The basement is designed for a Dasoha Bhavana (dining hall) where around 1,500 people eat together. On its top, the structure would have a Linga placed on a large pedestal. The project also envisages state-of-the-art robotic system, open-air theatre, modern water conservation system, terrace garden, library, research centre, prayer hall, yoga centre and so on. New Anubhava Mantapa : Lord Basaveshwara Lord Basaveshwara is a 12th Century Kannada social reformer, poet and philosopher, who is considered as one of the most revered saints by the Lingayat sect. Reports suggest he was born in 1131 AD in Bagevadi (now in Bijapur, Karnataka) to a Brahmin family. Lord Basaveshwara, or Basavanna, worked towards uplifting the underprivileged classes and women, and believed that all humans are equal, irrespective of class, caste, creed, and gender. It is said he denounced the sacred janeu thread- worn by upper-caste Hindus, particularly Brahmins- at a young age in hopes to transform himself and achieve spiritual bliss. Through his teachings, he revolutionized Indian society. Basaveshwara spread his teachings through poetry (Vachanaas). He denounced superstitions and rituals, introducing an Ishta linga necklace, bearing a shiva-linga image, to mark equality. He also introduced a hall of spiritual acceptance, Anubhava Mantapa, where people of all origins could ask spiritual and mundane questions of life. Basaveshwara popularized the principles of Kayakave Kailasa (work is worship) and Dasoha (giving back to society)

Pong Dam

Pong Dam The number of migratory birds dying at the Pong Dam wetland in Himachal Pradesh’s Kangra district on the rise for a week, the ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Disease has confirmed H5N1 virus as the cause of the fatalities. More than, 2,400 birds of different species have been found dead at Pong Lake over the past week.  The Pong Dam Wetland: A reservoir has been constructed on the river Beas in the wet land of Shivalik hills of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, which has been named as Maharana Pratap Sagar.  It is also known as Pong reservoir or Pong Dam.This dam was built in 1975 named in honor of Maharana Pratap, this reservoir or lake is a famous wildlife sanctuary and one of the 25 international wetland sites declared by Ramsar Sammel in India. The reservoir stretches to an area of ​​24,529 hectares (60,610 acres), and part of the lakes is 15,662 hectares (38,700 acres).Pong reservoir is the most important fish reservoir in the foothills of the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh. A water storage reservoir created in 1975 on the Beas River in the low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plain.  The RIS notes that “at a time when wetlands in northern India are getting reduced due to extensive drainage and reclamation, the avian habitats formed by the creation of the Pong Dam assume a great significance” – given the site’s location on the trans-Himalayan flyway, more than 220 bird species have been identified, with 54 species of waterfowl.  Hydrological values include monsoon-season flood prevention, both in the surroundings and downstream due to water regulation, groundwater recharge, silt trapping and prevention of soil erosion; electricity is generated for this and neighboring states, and irrigation water is being channeled to fertile areas of the Punjab and Rajasthan deserts. Low-yield subsistence fishing existed prior to impoundment, but since, a lucrative fishery has grown up, with 27 fish species and a yield increasing markedly each year – some 1800 fishermen now have direct employment and 1000 families benefit indirectly.  A nature conservation education centre is found on the island of Ransar or Ramsar (sic). Recent management strategies have shifted away from law enforcement and use restrictions towards more participatory approaches and community awareness, and the site is well suited to “community-based ecotourism”. Ramsar site no. 1211. Most recent RIS information: 2002.  Bird flu: Bird flu, also called avian influenza, is a viral infection that can infect not only birds, but also humans and other animals. Most forms of the virus are restricted to birds. H5N1 is the most common form of bird flu. It’s deadly to birds and can easily affect humans and other animals that come in contact with a carrier.  According to the World Health Organization Trusted Source, H5N1 was first discovered in humans in 1997 and has killed nearly 60 percent Trusted Source of those infected. Currently, the virus isn’t known to spread via human-to-human contact. Still, some experts worry that H5N1 may pose a risk of becoming a pandemic threat to humans. Although there are several types of bird flu, H5N1 was the first avian influenza virus to infect humans. The first infection occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The outbreak was linked to handling infected poultry. H5N1 occurs naturally in wild waterfowl, but it can spread easily to domestic poultry. The disease is transmitted to humans through contact with infected bird feces, nasal secretions, or secretions from the mouth or eyes. Consuming properly cooked poultry or eggs from infected birds doesn’t transmit the bird flu, but eggs should never be served runny. Meat is considered safe if it has been cooked to an internal temperature of 165ºF (73.9ºC).        Read Also Keoladeo National Park Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. contact us

UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper

UPSC Mains 2020 ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2020 SECTION A 1. Life is a long journey between human being and being humane. 2. Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self. 3. Ships don’t sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them. 4. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. SECTION B 1.Culture is what we are, civilisation is what we have. 2. There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless. 3. Patriarchy is the least notices yet the most significant structure of social inequality. 4. Technology as the silent factor in international relations. Download UPSC GS1 Syllabus Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. CONTACT US